KAULI KUMI ZA HAYATI MWL. JULIUS K. NYERERE KUHUSU ELIMU NDANI NA NJE YA NCHI

Na; Mashaka Siwingwa

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Ni miaka mingi imepita tangu atutoke baba wa taifa Hayati, Julius Kambarage Nyerere. Ushujaa na uhodari wake katika kupambanua mambo pamoja na kueleza vitu bayana kunamfanya aendelee kuwa shujaa asiyesahaulika.

Wakati wa uhai wake, baba wa taifa alisisitiza sana juu ya suala la elimu hapa nchini. Falsafa yake ya kuamini kwamba elimu ndiyo silaha pekee ya kuufikia ukombozi wa kweli hasa kifikra. Katika nyakati tofauti tofauti, katika sehemu tofauti na katika muktadha tofauti, Hayati baba wa taifa aliweza kuonesha wazi msimamo wake juu ya mfumo wetu wa elimu. Kati ya mengi aliyoyazungumza, leo nimeamua nikukusanyie kauli kumi tu alizowahi kuzitoa shujaa huyu. 

Twende sawa;

1. Kauli aliyoitamka mnamo tarehe 31 Desemba, 1969 akizungumza na vyombo vya habari kuhusu malengo ya Elimu ya Watu Wazima. Alisema,

"... education is something that all of us should continue to acquire from the time we are born until the time we die... We want to improve our lives and maintain our freedom. We, shall only be able to do this if we apply ourselves to learning as much as possible and as quickly as possible. "

Elimu isiishie tu kwenye madarasa na vyumba vya mihadhara vyuoni; bali iwe endelevu tangu mtu anapozaliwa mpaka anapofariki. Kama tunataka kuboresha maisha yetu pamoja na kuufikia Uhuru wa kweli ni lazima tuwekeze katika kujifunza kwa wingi na kwa haraka kadiri tuwezavyo. Tusiwe na kikomo cha kujifunza kwa sababu bado tunaishi. Tutafute vyombo mbalimbali vya maarifa. Siyo kuishia kwenye mitaala tu!

2. Hotuba aliyoitoa Liberia, Monrovia mnamo tarehe 29 Februari, 1969 kuhusu msomi na jamii. Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere alisema;

"...ni kweli kwamba daraja haliwezi kujengwa bila ya injinia; lakini vile vile haliwezi kujengwa bila ya vibarua. Je, inafaa siku zote kulinganisha mishahara yetu na ile minene zaidi wanayopokea watu wengine ambao pengine wamo katika nchi zilizo tajiri zaidi kama vile Marekani, na Ulaya, au tuanze sasa kuilinganisha mishahara yetu na ile ya wenzetu wenye kipato kidogo sana kwa kufanya kazi ngumu sana, hata kama ni kazi ya aina nyingine? Yaani, ni haki kweli kutumia utaalamu ambao wananchi wametuwezesha kuupata, kuwa kama silaha ya kuwatishia wananchi wale wale?"

Watu wanadhani jamii tu ndiyo inawahitaji wasomi ili wapate maendeleo na neema. Hii inawafanya wasomi kujiona, kuringa, na kubeza jamii. Nyerere anaona kuwa ukweli ni kwamba ni msomi ndiye ambaye kwanza kabisa anahitaji jamii. Bila hivyo, kisomo chake atakipeleka wapi na atakitumiaje. Wasomi hawa wanahimizwa kuwa na moyo wa kujitolea na kufanyia jamii kazi kubwa zaidi kwa kushirikiana. 

Zaidi, mwalimu Nyerere anakemea tabia za kulilia maslahi kila wakati ile hali taifa letu bado ni changa. Hivyo, hatuna budi kuzijaza ghala zetu kwanza kabla hatujaanza kung'ang'ana kugawana kile kilichopo.

3. Alipohutubia walimu Dar es salaam mnamo tarehe 31 Januari 1969. Mwalimu alisema;

"We have no choice but to build a new Tanzania with people who have no weakness but who have a spirit purpose... Creating a new African is the job of teachers. We have to create an African with confidence... Give your pupil's knowledge that will make them despise weakness. If you fail to do this as teachers you are also a bunch of exploiters getting salaries for doing nothing at all... "

Mwalimu Nyerere anamtazama mwalimu kama chanzo kikuu cha mapinduzi kwenye jamii. Hivyo, anawahimiza walimu kutoa elimu sahihi kwa wanafunzi ili kuwawezesha kuwa chachu ya mabadiliko na maendeleo kwenye jamii. 

4. Hotuba aliyoitoa akiwa chuo cha Kivukoni Dar es salaam, mnamo mwaka 1975. Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere alisema;

"Sasa iko elimu hii ya prestige. Walimu ninawaomba lazima muipige vita elimu hii ya prestige . Elimu si kitu cha prestige... Elimu ni kitu cha kumkuza binadamu tu. Kumwezesha kupanua uwezo wake. Anawiri... Elimu kazi yake ya kwanza, na kubwa zaidi, ni hii ya kupambana na mazingira yanayomzuia binadamu kuflower, kublossom, kutaka akafikia hali yake ya mwisho."

Hapa mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere alitamani kuona kwamba madhumuni ya elimu yanabadilika kutoka kwenye kujitafutia sifa na kwenda kwenye kupambana na vikwazo vya maisha. Ifike wakati elimu yetu ifundishe kazi siyo ajira.

5. Hotuba aliyoitoa katika sherehe za mwaka mpya mwaka 1970, akizungumzia elimu ya watu wazima. Alisema;

"Let me emphasize again that everyone, whether literate or not literate, should go on to learn more, and that everyone who has had an opportunity to learn something should be willing and anxious to teach it to others... There is no useless knowledge, no useless learning. There are only priorities of learning."

Mwalimu Nyerere anasisitiza kwamba elimu haina mwisho na kila mtu anapopata nafasi ya kujifunza hana budi kuendelea kujifunza na kama akiona ni vema alichojifunza basi yampasa afundishe wengine.

6. Hotuba aliyoitoa mnamo tarehe 29 Februari katika chuo kikuu cha Liberia, Monrovia kuhusu msomi na jamii kuhitajiana, alisema;

"... Here in Africa we can use our skills to help people to transform their lives from abject poverty... but we have to be part of the society, we have to work from within it and not try to descend (on it) like ancient gods... "

Mwalimu anasisitiza juu ya msomi huwa sehemu ya jamii. Anasema kwamba katika Afrika yetu tunaweza kuitumia elimu na maarifa yetu kuzikomboa jamii zetu kutokana na umasikini uliokithiri ikiwa tu wasomi watakuwa sehemu ya jamii. 

7. Mnamo tarehe 4 Mei, 1967, Mwalimu akiwa Tabora alipata kusema;

"Walimu watayarishe watoto wenu kwa maisha watakayo kwenda kuishi katika vijiji vyao. Basi. Fullstop."

Hapa mwalimu alisisitiza juu ya elimu ya kujitegemea na kubainisha kwamba lengo la elimu kamwe halikuwa kumhamisha mtoto kutoka kijijini kwenda mjini, Bali kumjengea uwezo kila mmoja wa kuweza kuishi maisha bora akiwa huko huko kijijini. Kauli hii aliitoa akipinga wazo la wazee wa kizanaki kutaka kumpatia watoto wao ambao walikuwa wamesoma na hawakuwa na kazi ya kufanya huko kijijini. Hivyo, alipinga kwamba siyo kazi ya elimu kumhamisha mtoto kutoka kijijini kwenda mjini; Bali kumjengea uwezo wa kuishi maisha bora akiwa huko huko kijijini. 

8. "Our young men and women must have an African oriented education. That is, an education which is not only given in Africa but also directed at meeting the present needs of Africa."

Kauli hii aliitoa mnamo tarehe 25 Oktoba, 1961, akizungumza katika chuo cha Dar es salaam kuhusu dira ya elimu na kusisitiza kwamba jamii zetu lazima ziachane na elimu yenye masalia na chembechembe za ukoloni na kusheheni mila na desturi za kiafrika. 

9. "Many of the present students will go abroad a later date... they will go as mature men and women, in a better position to learn from other countries and to evaluate the experience and institution of the countries they visit, because of the training which they have had here. They will go as Africans seeking to learn how our needs can be helped by experience abroad; they will not have to learn the lesson first and then return to see whether what they have learned can be fitted in to our needs..."

Kauli hii aliitoa mnamo tarehe 25 Oktoba, 1961, katika chuo cha Dar es salaam akionesha kushangazwa na wasomi wanaopata scholarship ambao huharibika badala ya kufunzika mara wanapokwenda nje ya nchi.

10. Kauli aliyoitoa wakati akihutubia kwenye chuo cha ualimu cha Marangu, tarehe 12 Septemba, 1988. Mwalimu alipata kusema;

"Educationists seem to be a little afraid of its implications, and many members of society, including some leaders have been unable to free themselves from the mental attitudes to education inherited from colonialism."

Hapa mwalimu alikuwa akielezea changamoto kubwa ya elimu ya kujitegemea kwamba kuna mpaka kwani baadhi ya viongozi walishindwa kubaini malengo na shabaha ya elimu ya kujitegemea hivyo, kusababisha kukwama kwa elimu hii.

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